Aristotle was born in stagira in macedon now part of northern greece. It is possible to spell a word correctly by chance, or because some one else prompts you. All human activities are done in order to attain something that is good. By using sophocless antigone, i will support aristotles theory of virtue in which he reasons it to be a state of character between two extremes.
If a students ethical habits are not good, he will be hindered from accepting ethical knowledge. If, then, there is some end of the things we do, which we desire for its own sake. The first book discloses aristotles belief on moral philosophy and the correlation between virtue and happiness. Every human action aims at some good, and the good which is chosen for its own sake rather than as means to an end is the highest good. Most people live by their feelings, pursuing pleasures and avoiding pains, and they dont have a taste for the fine and truly pleasant. Hence while in respect of its substance and the definition that states what it really is in essence virtue is the observance of the mean, in point of excellence and rightness it. Among its most outstanding features are aristotles insistence that there are no known. After his death, the school endured for several centuries, drawing students mainly young athenian males. The satisfactory goals we have are to achieve a greater good. Aristotle lectured, wrote, and compiled a library here. It is the purpose of the study of ethics to discover the nature of the highest good and to find the appropriate means for its realisation.
Virtue being, as we have seen, of two kinds, intellectual and moral, intellectual virtue is for the most part both produced and increased by instruction, and therefore requires experience and time. Happiness or flourishing or living well is a complete and sufficient good. Aristotle revies book 1 2 and 3 of nicomachean ethics. In book 1 of aristotles nicomachean ethics, he argues that happiness is the best good, and the goal of an individual and of those leading and governing society. To be just one has to perform acts not only for ones own good but for the good of others whether that is the government, your neighbor or another individual. Book 1 book 2 book 3 book 4 book 5 book 6 book 7 book 8 book 9 book 10. Here, happiness is understood as both living well and doing well, rather than the convention sense of happiness as an emotion. Nicomachean ethics study guide contains a biography of aristotle, literature essays, a complete etext, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. It is in the hands of each individual, he argues in these books on personal ethics, to develop a.
An analysis of nicomachean ethics by aristotle essay 930. A magnificent person only spends the worthy amount on a large purpose, not on a trivial purpose, and he does so gladly and readily. Virtue is a disposition, not a feeling or a faculty. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on litcharts. Course hero literature instructor russell jaffe provides a brief summary. Hence in respect of its substance and the definition which states its essence virtue is a mean, with regard to what is best and right an extreme. Nicomachean ethics by aristotle the internet classics archive. We have next to consider the formal definition of virtue. In aristotles book ii of nicomachean ethics, he states that virtue of character is how someone gets to the ultimate end, which is happiness. Intellectual virtues are developed through teaching, and moral virtues through habit. Aristotle admits that his comparison between crafts and virtues doesnt hold in every way. Though written more than 2,000 years ago, it offers the modern reader many valuable insights into human needs and conduct.
Nicomachean ethics summary and analysis of book one. Magnificence, too, has to do with actions related to wealth, but only where heavy expenses are concerned. Virtue, then, is of two sorts, virtue of thought and virtue of character. Nicomachean ethics is based on aristotles lecture notes for the lyceum, the philosophy school he founded in athens around 334 b. Aristotles nicomachean ethics essay example 1128 words. Having said this, aristotle cant end his discussion here, because it isnt enough to study virtue, but to act on what one has learned.
Again, it is from the same causes and by the same means that every virtue is both produced and destroyed, and. By contrast, aristotles politics concerns the optimum blueprint for the citystate. Nicomachean ethics by aristotle, part of the internet classics archive. Nicomachean ethics study guide literature guide litcharts. We get an overview of virtueboth intellectual and moraland learn that we arent really. Aristotle now discusses what virtue or excellence must be. Since, then, the present inquiry does not aim at theoretical knowledge like the others for we are inquiring not in.
Aristotle states that, without a goal or ultimate end happiness, life does not have a purpose. In book ii of nicomachean ethics, aristotle presents his definition of virtue in which it is a kind of mean n. Nicomachean ethics is a great resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel. Moral virtues are not in our nature, but nor are they contrary to our nature, which is adapted to receive them. He believes that every activity humans do is to achieve a good. Formal definition of happiness or flourishing eudaimonia. This section analyzes virtues of character and illuminates what aristotle means by virtue in general, and why he considers. Aristotle, nicomachean ethics, book 2 study questions 3. This implies a that it is desired for itself, b that it is not desired for the sake of anything else, c that it satisfies all desire and has no evil mixed in with it, and d that it is stable. Analysis of aristotle s book ii of nicomachean ethics. Nicomachean ethics by aristotle brief summary youtube. Aristotles nicomachean ethics and eudemian ethics represent, in many ways, the western classical springboard for the systematic study and implementation of ethics, the optimum behaviour of the individual.
The nicomachean ethics audiobook by aristotle, david. A rash man, for example, thinks a brave man is a coward. Aristotles work, the nicomachean ethics, consists of numerous books pertaining to aristotles ethics the ethics of the good life. Nicomachean ethics terms from litcharts the creators of. Book 5, chapter 2 1a1411a9 for now, aristotle wants to focus on justice as a virtueand injustice as a vice. Feelings are not the subject of praise or blame, as virtues and vices are, and while feelings move us to act in a certain way, virtues dispose us to. Aristotle book ii and book v it is aristotles claim that justice is the greatest of the moral virtues.
Nicomachean ethics summary and analysis of book two. The nicomachean ethics along with an earlier inquiry called the eudemian ethics are part of a larger conversation about community that culminates in his work politics. Happiness, the end and supreme good of the happy person. Summary explanation of aristotle nicomachean ethics books 1 and 2. Therefore every action in a persons life has to be made. Taken together, these works emphasize aristotles conviction that the political art is the highest goodsince it encompasses the good ends desired by every part of the.
Aristotles nicomachean ethics explained with book summaries in just a few minutes. According to aristotle, moral virtue is a means to an end, happiness. For example, its not enough that action in accordance with the virtues be done. Nicomachean ethics quizzes about important details and events in every section of the book. Ethics summary book 1 in aristotles nicomachean ethics book one, he starts of describing good.
Summary book ii page 1 page 2 page 3 aristotle suggests three practical rules of conduct. And our highest good is classified as the supreme good. Aristotle argues that someones pleasure or pain following an action gives an indication of that persons state. Nicomachean ethics book 1 summary tao of jeet kune do ebook, nov 20, aristotle. The internet classics archive nicomachean ethics by. Aristotle nicomachean ethics books 1 and 2 ethics, virtue. The achievement of happiness, according to aristotle, is the end goal of every man. Aristotle and nicomachean ethics 82 words bartleby. We can now define human virtue as a disposition to behave in the right manner and as a mean between extremes of. Aristotle explains that mere arguments about virtue arent enough to make people behave decently. The original text plus a sidebyside modern translation of every shakespeare play. A state of the soul is either l an emotion, 2 a capacity, or 3 a disposition. The nicomachean ethics, aristotles most important study of personal morality and the ends of human life, has for many centuries been a widelyread and influential book. Study questions 3 aristotle, nicomachean ethics, book 2 questions question numbers correspond to book chapters.
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